There are a large number of examples provided with the ANUPQ package.
These may be executed or displayed via the function PqExample
(see PqExample). Each example resides in a file of the same name in the
directory examples
. Most of the examples are translations to GAP of
examples provided for the pq
standalone by Eamonn O'Brien; the
standalone examples are found in directories standalone/examples
(p-quotient and p-group generation examples) and standalone/isom
(standard presentation examples). The first line of each example
indicates its origin. All the examples seen in earlier chapters of this
manual are also available as examples, in a slightly modified form (the
example which one can run in order to see something very close to the
text example ``live'' is always indicated near -- usually immediately
after -- the text example). The format of the (PqExample
) examples is
such that they can be read by the standard Read
function of GAP, but
certain features and comments are interpreted by the function PqExample
to do somewhat more than Read
does. In particular, any function without
a -i
, -ni
or .g
suffix has both a non-interactive and interactive
form; in these cases, the default form is the non-interactive form, and
giving PqStart
as second argument generates the interactive form.
Running PqExample
without an argument or with a non-existent example
Info
s the available examples and some hints on usage:
gap> PqExample(); #I PqExample Index (Table of Contents) #I ----------------------------------- #I This table of possible examples is displayed when calling `PqExample' #I with no arguments, or with the argument: "index" (meant in the sense #I of ``list''), or with a non-existent example name. #I #I Examples that have a name ending in `-ni' are non-interactive only. #I Examples that have a name ending in `-i' are interactive only. #I Examples with names ending in `.g' also have only one form. Other #I examples have both a non-interactive and an interactive form; call #I `PqExample' with 2nd argument `PqStart' to get the interactive form #I of the example. The substring `PG' in an example name indicates a #I p-Group Generation example, `SP' indicates a Standard Presentation #I example, `Rel' indicates it uses the `Relators' option, and `Id' #I indicates it uses the `Identities' option. #I #I The following ANUPQ examples are available: #I #I p-Quotient examples: #I general: #I "Pq" "Pq-ni" "PqEpimorphism" #I "PqPCover" "PqSupplementInnerAutomorphisms" #I 2-groups: #I "2gp-Rel" "2gp-Rel-i" "2gp-a-Rel-i" #I "B2-4" "B2-4-Id" "B2-8-i" #I "B4-4-i" "B4-4-a-i" "B5-4.g" #I 3-groups: #I "3gp-Rel-i" "3gp-a-Rel" "3gp-a-Rel-i" #I "3gp-a-x-Rel-i" "3gp-maxoccur-Rel-i" #I 5-groups: #I "5gp-Rel-i" "5gp-a-Rel-i" "5gp-b-Rel-i" #I "5gp-c-Rel-i" "5gp-metabelian-Rel-i" "5gp-maxoccur-Rel-i" #I "F2-5-i" "B2-5-i" "R2-5-i" #I "R2-5-x-i" "B5-5-Engel3-Id" #I 7-groups: #I "7gp-Rel-i" #I 11-groups: #I "11gp-i" "11gp-Rel-i" "11gp-a-Rel-i" #I "11gp-3-Engel-Id" "11gp-3-Engel-Id-i" #I #I p-Group Generation examples: #I general: #I "PqDescendants-1" "PqDescendants-2" "PqDescendants-3" #I "PqDescendants-1-i" #I 2-groups: #I "2gp-PG-i" "2gp-PG-2-i" "2gp-PG-3-i" #I "2gp-PG-4-i" "2gp-PG-e4-i" #I "PqDescendantsTreeCoclassOne-16-i" #I 3-groups: #I "3gp-PG-i" "3gp-PG-4-i" "3gp-PG-x-i" #I "3gp-PG-x-1-i" "PqDescendants-treetraverse-i" #I "PqDescendantsTreeCoclassOne-9-i" #I 5-groups: #I "5gp-PG-i" "Nott-PG-Rel-i" "Nott-APG-Rel-i" #I "PqDescendantsTreeCoclassOne-25-i" #I 7,11-groups: #I "7gp-PG-i" "11gp-PG-i" #I #I Standard Presentation examples: #I general: #I "StandardPresentation" "StandardPresentation-i" #I "EpimorphismStandardPresentation" #I "EpimorphismStandardPresentation-i" "IsIsomorphicPGroup-ni" #I 2-groups: #I "2gp-SP-Rel-i" "2gp-SP-1-Rel-i" "2gp-SP-2-Rel-i" #I "2gp-SP-3-Rel-i" "2gp-SP-4-Rel-i" "2gp-SP-d-Rel-i" #I "gp-256-SP-Rel-i" "B2-4-SP-i" "G2-SP-Rel-i" #I 3-groups: #I "3gp-SP-Rel-i" "3gp-SP-1-Rel-i" "3gp-SP-2-Rel-i" #I "3gp-SP-3-Rel-i" "3gp-SP-4-Rel-i" "G3-SP-Rel-i" #I 5-groups: #I "5gp-SP-Rel-i" "5gp-SP-a-Rel-i" "5gp-SP-b-Rel-i" #I "5gp-SP-big-Rel-i" "5gp-SP-d-Rel-i" "G5-SP-Rel-i" #I "G5-SP-a-Rel-i" "Nott-SP-Rel-i" #I 7-groups: #I "7gp-SP-Rel-i" "7gp-SP-a-Rel-i" "7gp-SP-b-Rel-i" #I 11-groups: #I "11gp-SP-a-i" "11gp-SP-a-Rel-i" "11gp-SP-a-Rel-1-i" #I "11gp-SP-b-i" "11gp-SP-b-Rel-i" "11gp-SP-c-Rel-i" #I #I Notes #I ----- #I 1. The example (first) argument of `PqExample' is a string; each #I example above is in double quotes to remind you to include them. #I 2. Some examples accept options. To find out whether a particular #I example accepts options, display it first (by including `Display' #I as last argument) which will also indicate how `PqExample' #I interprets the options, e.g. `PqExample("11gp-SP-a-i", Display);'. #I 3. Try `SetInfoLevel(InfoANUPQ, <n>);' for some <n> in [2 .. 4] #I before calling PqExample, to see what's going on behind the scenes. #I
If on your terminal you are unable to scroll back, an alternative to
typing PqExample();
to see the displayed examples is to use on-line
help, i.e. you may type:
gap> ?anupq:examples
which will display this appendix in a GAP session. If you are not
fussed about the order in which the examples are organised,
AllPqExamples();
lists the available examples relatively compactly
(see AllPqExamples).
In the remainder of this appendix we will discuss particular aspects
related to the Relators
(see option Relators) and Identities
(see option Identities) options, and the construction of the Burnside
group B(5, 4).
The Relators
option was included because computations involving words
containing commutators that are pre-expanded by GAP before being
passed to the pq
program may run considerably more slowly, than the
same computations being run with GAP pre-expansions avoided. The
following examples demonstrate a case where the performance hit due to
pre-expansion of commutators by GAP is a factor of order 100 (in order
to see timing information from the pq
program, we set the InfoANUPQ
level to 2).
Firstly, we run the example that allows pre-expansion of commutators (the
function PqLeftNormComm
is provided by the ANUPQ package;
see PqLeftNormComm). Note that since the two commutators of this
example are very long (taking more than an page to print), we have
edited the output at this point.
gap> SetInfoLevel(InfoANUPQ, 2); #to see timing information gap> PqExample("11gp-i"); #I #Example: "11gp-i" . . . based on: examples/11gp #I F, a, b, c, R, procId are local to `PqExample' gap> F := FreeGroup("a", "b", "c"); a := F.1; b := F.2; c := F.3; <free group on the generators [ a, b, c ]> a b c gap> R := [PqLeftNormComm([b, a, a, b, c])^11, > PqLeftNormComm([a, b, b, a, b, c])^11, (a * b)^11]; [ b^-1*a^-2*b^-1*a*b*a*b^-1*a^-1*b*a*b*a^-1*b^-1*a*b*a^-1*b^-1*a^-1*b*a^2*c^ ... 22 lines deleted here ... -1*a*b*a^-1*b^-1*a^-1*b*a^2*b*c, b^-1*a^-1*b^-2*a^-1*b*a*b*a^-1*b^ ... 43 lines deleted here ... -1*b^-1*a^-1*b*a*b^-1*a^-1*b^-1*a*b^2*a*b*c, a*b*a*b*a*b*a*b*a*b*a*b*a*b*a*b*a*b*a*b*a*b ] gap> procId := PqStart(F/R : Prime := 11); 1 gap> PqPcPresentation(procId : ClassBound := 7, > OutputLevel := 1); #I Lower exponent-11 central series for [grp] #I Group: [grp] to lower exponent-11 central class 1 has order 11^3 #I Group: [grp] to lower exponent-11 central class 2 has order 11^8 #I Group: [grp] to lower exponent-11 central class 3 has order 11^19 #I Group: [grp] to lower exponent-11 central class 4 has order 11^42 #I Group: [grp] to lower exponent-11 central class 5 has order 11^98 #I Group: [grp] to lower exponent-11 central class 6 has order 11^228 #I Group: [grp] to lower exponent-11 central class 7 has order 11^563 #I Computation of presentation took 27.04 seconds gap> PqSavePcPresentation(procId, ANUPQData.outfile); #I Variables used in `PqExample' are saved in `ANUPQData.example.vars'.
Now we do the same calculation using the Relators
option. In this way,
the commutators are passed directly as strings to the pq
program, so
that GAP does not ``see'' them and pre-expand them.
gap> PqExample("11gp-Rel-i"); #I #Example: "11gp-Rel-i" . . . based on: examples/11gp #I #(equivalent to "11gp-i" example but uses `Relators' option) #I F, rels, procId are local to `PqExample' gap> F := FreeGroup("a", "b", "c"); <free group on the generators [ a, b, c ]> gap> rels := ["[b, a, a, b, c]^11", "[a, b, b, a, b, c]^11", "(a * b)^11"]; [ "[b, a, a, b, c]^11", "[a, b, b, a, b, c]^11", "(a * b)^11" ] gap> procId := PqStart(F : Prime := 11, Relators := rels); 2 gap> PqPcPresentation(procId : ClassBound := 7, > OutputLevel := 1); #I Relators parsed ok. #I Lower exponent-11 central series for [grp] #I Group: [grp] to lower exponent-11 central class 1 has order 11^3 #I Group: [grp] to lower exponent-11 central class 2 has order 11^8 #I Group: [grp] to lower exponent-11 central class 3 has order 11^19 #I Group: [grp] to lower exponent-11 central class 4 has order 11^42 #I Group: [grp] to lower exponent-11 central class 5 has order 11^98 #I Group: [grp] to lower exponent-11 central class 6 has order 11^228 #I Group: [grp] to lower exponent-11 central class 7 has order 11^563 #I Computation of presentation took 0.27 seconds gap> PqSavePcPresentation(procId, ANUPQData.outfile); #I Variables used in `PqExample' are saved in `ANUPQData.example.vars'.
Please pay heed to the warnings given for the Identities
option
(see option Identities); it is written mainly at the GAP level and
is not particularly optimised. The Identities
option allows one to
compute p-quotients that satisfy an identity. A trivial example better
done using the Exponent
option, but which nevertheless demonstrates the
usage of the Identities
option, is as follows:
gap> SetInfoLevel(InfoANUPQ, 1); gap> PqExample("B2-4-Id"); #I #Example: "B2-4-Id" . . . alternative way to generate B(2, 4) #I #Generates B(2, 4) by using the `Identities' option #I #... this is not as efficient as using `Exponent' but #I #demonstrates the usage of the `Identities' option. #I F, f, procId are local to `PqExample' gap> F := FreeGroup("a", "b"); <free group on the generators [ a, b ]> gap> # All words w in the pc generators of B(2, 4) satisfy f(w) = 1 gap> f := w -> w^4; function( w ) ... end gap> Pq( F : Prime := 2, Identities := [ f ] ); #I Class 1 with 2 generators. #I Class 2 with 5 generators. #I Class 3 with 7 generators. #I Class 4 with 10 generators. #I Class 5 with 12 generators. #I Class 5 with 12 generators. <pc group of size 4096 with 12 generators> #I Variables used in `PqExample' are saved in `ANUPQData.example.vars'. gap> time; 1400
Note that the time
statement gives the time in milliseconds spent by
GAP in executing the PqExample("B2-4-Id");
command (i.e. everything
up to the Info
-ing of the variables used), but over 90% of that time
is spent in the final Pq
statement. The time spent by the pq
program,
which is negligible anyway (you can check this by running the example
while the InfoANUPQ
level is set to 2), is not counted by time
.
Since the identity used in the above construction of B(2, 4) is just an
exponent law, the ``right'' way to compute it is via the Exponent
option (see option Exponent), which is implemented at the C level and
is highly optimised. Consequently, the Exponent
option is
significantly faster, generally by several orders of magnitude:
gap> SetInfoLevel(InfoANUPQ, 2); # to see time spent by the `pq' program gap> PqExample("B2-4"); #I #Example: "B2-4" . . . the ``right'' way to generate B(2, 4) #I #Generates B(2, 4) by using the `Exponent' option #I F, procId are local to `PqExample' gap> F := FreeGroup("a", "b"); <free group on the generators [ a, b ]> gap> Pq( F : Prime := 2, Exponent := 4 ); #I Computation of presentation took 0.00 seconds <pc group of size 4096 with 12 generators> #I Variables used in `PqExample' are saved in `ANUPQData.example.vars'. gap> time; # time spent by GAP in executing `PqExample("B2-4");' 50
The following example uses the Identities
option to compute a 3-Engel
group for the prime 11. As is the case for the example "B2-4-Id"
, the
example has both a non-interactive and an interactive form; below, we
demonstrate the interactive form.
gap> SetInfoLevel(InfoANUPQ, 1); # reset InfoANUPQ to default level gap> PqExample("11gp-3-Engel-Id", PqStart); #I #Example: "11gp-3-Engel-Id" . . . 3-Engel group for prime 11 #I #Non-trivial example of using the `Identities' option #I F, a, b, G, f, procId, Q are local to `PqExample' gap> F := FreeGroup("a", "b"); a := F.1; b := F.2; <free group on the generators [ a, b ]> a b gap> G := F/[ a^11, b^11 ]; <fp group on the generators [ a, b ]> gap> # All word pairs u, v in the pc generators of the 11-quotient Q of G gap> # must satisfy the Engel identity: [u, v, v, v] = 1. gap> f := function(u, v) return PqLeftNormComm( [u, v, v, v] ); end; function( u, v ) ... end gap> procId := PqStart( G ); 3 gap> Q := Pq( procId : Prime := 11, Identities := [ f ] ); #I Class 1 with 2 generators. #I Class 2 with 3 generators. #I Class 3 with 5 generators. #I Class 3 with 5 generators. <pc group of size 161051 with 5 generators> gap> # We do a ``sample'' check that pairs of elements of Q do satisfy gap> # the given identity: gap> f( Random(Q), Random(Q) ); <identity> of ... gap> f( Q.1, Q.2 ); <identity> of ... #I Variables used in `PqExample' are saved in `ANUPQData.example.vars'.
The (interactive) call to Pq
above is essentially equivalent to a call
to PqPcPresentation
with the same arguments and options followed by a
call to PqCurrentGroup
. Moreover, the call to PqPcPresentation
(as
described in PqPcPresentation) is equivalent to a ``class 1'' call to
PqPcPresentation
followed by the requisite number of calls to
PqNextClass
, and with the Identities
option set, both
PqPcPresentation
and PqNextClass
``quietly'' perform the equivalent
of a PqEvaluateIdentities
call. In the following example we break down
the Pq
call into its low-level equivalents, and set and unset the
Identities
option to show where PqEvaluateIdentities
fits into this
scheme.
gap> PqExample("11gp-3-Engel-Id-i"); #I #Example: "11gp-3-Engel-Id-i" . . . 3-Engel grp for prime 11 #I #Variation of "11gp-3-Engel-Id" broken down into its lower-level component #I #command parts. #I F, a, b, G, f, procId, Q are local to `PqExample' gap> F := FreeGroup("a", "b"); a := F.1; b := F.2; <free group on the generators [ a, b ]> a b gap> G := F/[ a^11, b^11 ]; <fp group on the generators [ a, b ]> gap> # All word pairs u, v in the pc generators of the 11-quotient Q of G gap> # must satisfy the Engel identity: [u, v, v, v] = 1. gap> f := function(u, v) return PqLeftNormComm( [u, v, v, v] ); end; function( u, v ) ... end gap> procId := PqStart( G : Prime := 11 ); 4 gap> PqPcPresentation( procId : ClassBound := 1); gap> PqEvaluateIdentities( procId : Identities := [f] ); #I Class 1 with 2 generators. gap> for c in [2 .. 4] do > PqNextClass( procId : Identities := [] ); #reset `Identities' option > PqEvaluateIdentities( procId : Identities := [f] ); > od; #I Class 2 with 3 generators. #I Class 3 with 5 generators. #I Class 3 with 5 generators. gap> Q := PqCurrentGroup( procId ); <pc group of size 161051 with 5 generators> gap> # We do a ``sample'' check that pairs of elements of Q do satisfy gap> # the given identity: gap> f( Random(Q), Random(Q) ); <identity> of ... gap> f( Q.1, Q.2 ); <identity> of ... #I Variables used in `PqExample' are saved in `ANUPQData.example.vars'.
An example demonstrating how a large computation can be organised with the
ANUPQ package is the computation of the Burnside group B(5, 4), the
largest group of exponent 4 generated by 5 elements. It has order
22728 and lower exponent-p central class 13. The example
"B5-4.g"
computes B(5, 4); it is based on a pq
standalone input
file written by M. F. Newman.
To be able to do examples like this was part of the motivation to provide access to the low-level functions of the standalone program from within GAP.
Please note that the construction uses the knowledge gained by Newman and
O'Brien in their initial construction of B(5, 4), in particular,
insight into the commutator structure of the group and the knowledge of
the p-central class and the order of B(5, 4). Therefore, the
construction cannot be used to prove that B(5, 4) has the order and
class mentioned above. It is merely a reconstruction of the group. More
information is contained in the header of the file examples/B5-4.g
.
procId := PqStart( FreeGroup(5) : Exponent := 4, Prime := 2 ); Pq( procId : ClassBound := 2 ); PqSupplyAutomorphisms( procId, [ [ [ 1, 1, 0, 0, 0], # first automorphism [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0], [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0], [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0], [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1] ], [ [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1], # second automorphism [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0], [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0], [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0], [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0] ] ] );; Relations := [ [], ## class 1 [], ## class 2 [], ## class 3 [], ## class 4 [], ## class 5 [], ## class 6 ## class 7 [ [ "x2","x1","x1","x3","x4","x4","x4" ] ], ## class 8 [ [ "x2","x1","x1","x3","x4","x5","x5","x5" ] ], ## class 9 [ [ "x2","x1","x1","x3","x4","x4","x5","x5","x5" ], [ "x2","x1","x1","x2","x3","x4","x5","x5","x5" ], [ "x2","x1","x1","x3","x3","x4","x5","x5","x5" ] ], ## class 10 [ [ "x2","x1","x1","x2","x3","x3","x4","x5","x5","x5" ], [ "x2","x1","x1","x3","x3","x4","x4","x5","x5","x5" ] ], ## class 11 [ [ "x2","x1","x1","x2","x3","x3","x4","x4","x5","x5","x5" ], [ "x2","x1","x1","x2","x3","x1","x3","x4","x2","x4","x3" ] ], ## class 12 [ [ "x2","x1","x1","x2","x3","x1","x3","x4","x2","x5","x5","x5" ], [ "x2","x1","x1","x3","x2","x4","x3","x5","x4","x5","x5","x5" ] ], ## class 13 [ [ "x2","x1","x1","x2","x3","x1","x3","x4","x2","x4","x5","x5","x5" ] ] ]; for class in [ 3 .. 13 ] do Print( "Computing class ", class, "\n" ); PqSetupTablesForNextClass( procId ); for w in [ class, class-1 .. 7 ] do PqAddTails( procId, w ); PqDisplayPcPresentation( procId ); if Relations[ w ] <> [] then # recalculate automorphisms PqExtendAutomorphisms( procId ); for r in Relations[ w ] do Print( "Collecting ", r, "\n" ); PqCommutator( procId, r, 1 ); PqEchelonise( procId ); PqApplyAutomorphisms( procId, 15 ); #queue factor = 15 od; PqEliminateRedundantGenerators( procId ); fi; PqComputeTails( procId, w ); od; PqDisplayPcPresentation( procId ); smallclass := Minimum( class, 6 ); for w in [ smallclass, smallclass-1 .. 2 ] do PqTails( procId, w ); od; # recalculate automorphisms PqExtendAutomorphisms( procId ); PqCollect( procId, "x5^4" ); PqEchelonise( procId ); PqApplyAutomorphisms( procId, 15 ); #queue factor = 15 PqEliminateRedundantGenerators( procId ); PqDisplayPcPresentation( procId ); od;
In the following example we will explore the 3-groups of rank 2 and
3-coclass 1 up to 3-class 5. This will be done using the p-group
generation machinery of the package. We start with the elementary abelian
3-group of rank 2. From within GAP, run the example
"PqDescendants-treetraverse-i"
via PqExample
(see PqExample).
gap> G := ElementaryAbelianGroup( 9 ); <pc group of size 9 with 2 generators> gap> procId := PqStart( G ); 5 gap> # gap> # Below, we use the option StepSize in order to construct descendants gap> # of coclass 1. This is equivalent to setting the StepSize to 1 in gap> # each descendant calculation. gap> # gap> # The elementary abelian group of order 9 has 3 descendants of gap> # 3-class 2 and 3-coclass 1, as the result of the next command gap> # shows. gap> # gap> PqDescendants( procId : StepSize := 1 ); [ <pc group of size 27 with 3 generators>, <pc group of size 27 with 3 generators>, <pc group of size 27 with 3 generators> ] gap> # gap> # Now we will compute the descendants of coclass 1 for each of the gap> # groups above. Then we will compute the descendants of coclass 1 gap> # of each descendant and so on. Note that the pq program keeps gap> # one file for each class at a time. For example, the descendants gap> # calculation for the second group of class 2 overwrites the gap> # descendant file obtained from the first group of class 2. gap> # Hence, we have to traverse the descendants tree in depth first gap> # order. gap> # gap> PqPGSetDescendantToPcp( procId, 2, 1 ); gap> PqPGExtendAutomorphisms( procId ); gap> PqPGConstructDescendants( procId : StepSize := 1 ); 2 gap> PqPGSetDescendantToPcp( procId, 3, 1 ); gap> PqPGExtendAutomorphisms( procId ); gap> PqPGConstructDescendants( procId : StepSize := 1 ); 2 gap> PqPGSetDescendantToPcp( procId, 4, 1 ); gap> PqPGExtendAutomorphisms( procId ); gap> PqPGConstructDescendants( procId : StepSize := 1 ); 2 gap> # gap> # At this point we stop traversing the ``left most'' branch of the gap> # descendants tree and move upwards. gap> # gap> PqPGSetDescendantToPcp( procId, 4, 2 ); gap> PqPGExtendAutomorphisms( procId ); gap> PqPGConstructDescendants( procId : StepSize := 1 ); #I group restored from file is incapable 0 gap> PqPGSetDescendantToPcp( procId, 3, 2 ); gap> PqPGExtendAutomorphisms( procId ); gap> PqPGConstructDescendants( procId : StepSize := 1 ); #I group restored from file is incapable 0 gap> # gap> # The computations above indicate that the descendants subtree under gap> # the first descendant of the elementary abelian group of order 9 gap> # will have only one path of infinite length. gap> # gap> PqPGSetDescendantToPcp( procId, 2, 2 ); gap> PqPGExtendAutomorphisms( procId ); gap> PqPGConstructDescendants( procId : StepSize := 1 ); 4 gap> # gap> # We get four descendants here, three of which will turn out to be gap> # incapable, i.e., they have no descendants and are terminal nodes gap> # in the descendants tree. gap> # gap> PqPGSetDescendantToPcp( procId, 2, 3 ); gap> PqPGExtendAutomorphisms( procId ); gap> PqPGConstructDescendants( procId : StepSize := 1 ); #I group restored from file is incapable 0 gap> # gap> # The third descendant of class three is incapable. Let us return gap> # to the second descendant of class 2. gap> # gap> PqPGSetDescendantToPcp( procId, 2, 2 ); gap> PqPGExtendAutomorphisms( procId ); gap> PqPGConstructDescendants( procId : StepSize := 1 ); 4 gap> PqPGSetDescendantToPcp( procId, 3, 1 ); gap> PqPGExtendAutomorphisms( procId ); gap> PqPGConstructDescendants( procId : StepSize := 1 ); #I group restored from file is incapable 0 gap> PqPGSetDescendantToPcp( procId, 3, 2 ); gap> PqPGExtendAutomorphisms( procId ); gap> PqPGConstructDescendants( procId : StepSize := 1 ); #I group restored from file is incapable 0 gap> # gap> # We skip the third descendant for the moment ... gap> # gap> PqPGSetDescendantToPcp( procId, 3, 4 ); gap> PqPGExtendAutomorphisms( procId ); gap> PqPGConstructDescendants( procId : StepSize := 1 ); #I group restored from file is incapable 0 gap> # gap> # ... and look at it now. gap> # gap> PqPGSetDescendantToPcp( procId, 3, 3 ); gap> PqPGExtendAutomorphisms( procId ); gap> PqPGConstructDescendants( procId : StepSize := 1 ); 6 gap> # gap> # In this branch of the descendant tree we get 6 descendants of class gap> # three. Of those 5 will turn out to be incapable and one will have gap> # 7 descendants. gap> # gap> PqPGSetDescendantToPcp( procId, 4, 1 ); gap> PqPGExtendAutomorphisms( procId ); gap> PqPGConstructDescendants( procId : StepSize := 1 ); #I group restored from file is incapable 0 gap> PqPGSetDescendantToPcp( procId, 4, 2 ); gap> PqPGExtendAutomorphisms( procId ); gap> PqPGConstructDescendants( procId : StepSize := 1 ); 7 gap> PqPGSetDescendantToPcp( procId, 4, 3 ); gap> PqPGExtendAutomorphisms( procId ); gap> PqPGConstructDescendants( procId : StepSize := 1 ); #I group restored from file is incapable 0
To automate the above procedure to some extent we provide:
PqDescendantsTreeCoclassOne(
i ) F
PqDescendantsTreeCoclassOne() F
for the ith or default interactive ANUPQ process, generate a
descendant tree for the group of the process (which must be a pc
p-group) consisting of descendants of p-coclass 1 and extending to
the class determined by the option TreeDepth
(or 6 if the option is
omitted). In an XGAP session, a graphical representation of the
descendants tree appears in a separate window. Subsequent calls to
PqDescendantsTreeCoclassOne
for the same process may be used to extend
the descendant tree from the last descendant computed that itself has
more than one descendant. PqDescendantsTreeCoclassOne
also accepts the
options CapableDescendants
(or AllDescendants
) and any options
accepted by the interactive PqDescendants
function
(see PqDescendants!interactive).
Notes
PqDescendantsTreeCoclassOne
first calls PqDescendants
. If
PqDescendants
has already been called for the process, the previous
value computed is used and a warning is Info
-ed at InfoANUPQ
level 1.
pq
program and number of descendants is Info
-ed at InfoANUPQ
level 1.
PqDescendantsTreeCoclassOne
is an ``experimental'' function that is
included to demonstrate the sort of things that are possible with the
p-group generation machinery.
Ignoring the extra functionality provided in an XGAP session,
PqDescendantsTreeCoclassOne
, with one argument that is the index of an
interactive ANUPQ process, is approximately equivalent to:
PqDescendantsTreeCoclassOne := function( procId ) local des, i; des := PqDescendants( procId : StepSize := 1 ); RecurseDescendants( procId, 2, Length(des) ); end;
where RecurseDescendants
is (approximately) defined as follows:
RecurseDescendants := function( procId, class, n ) local i, nr; if class > ValueOption("TreeDepth") then return; fi; for i in [1..n] do PqPGSetDescendantToPcp( procId, class, i ); PqPGExtendAutomorphisms( procId ); nr := PqPGConstructDescendants( procId : StepSize := 1 ); Print( "Number of descendants of group ", i, " at class ", class, ": ", nr, "\n" ); RecurseDescendants( procId, class+1, nr ); od; return; end;
The following examples (executed via PqExample
; see PqExample),
demonstrate the use of PqDescendantsTreeCoclassOne
:
"PqDescendantsTreeCoclassOne-9-i"
"PqDescendants-treetraverse-i"
using
PqDescendantsTreeCoclassOne
;
"PqDescendantsTreeCoclassOne-16-i"
CapableDescendants
; and
"PqDescendantsTreeCoclassOne-25-i"
CapableDescendants
option.
The numbers 9
, 16
and 25
respectively, indicate the order of the
elementary abelian group to which PqDescendantsTreeCoclassOne
is
applied for these examples.
ANUPQ manual